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SALMONELLA CORVALLIS, OREGON: NEW TYPE
OF FOOD POISONING
TWO NEW SALMONELLA TYPES: SALMONELLA CORVALLIS AND
SALMONELLA COLORADO
P. R. EDWARDS AND G. J. HERMANN
Enteric Bacteriology Laboratory, Communicable Disease
Center, Public Health
Service, Federal Security Agency, Atlanta, Georgia
Received for publication March 28, 1949
Salmonella corvallis was isolated by Dr. E. M.
Dickinson from the pooled cecal
contents of poults affected with enteritis. The culture
was forwarded to the
writers by Dr. W. R. Hinshaw. Upon examination the
organism was found to
be a motile bacterium that possessed the usual
cultural, tinctorial, and biochemical
attributes of the genus Salmonella. Glucose, arabinose,
xylose, rhamnose,
maltose, trehalose, inositol, mannitol, and sorbitol
were fermented promptly
with the production of acid and gas. Cellobiose and
dulcitol were fermented
after 6 days' incubation. Lactose, sucrose, salicin,
and adonitol were not attacked.
Citrate and D-tartrate were utilized and hydrogen
sulfide was formed,
but indole was not produced nor was gelatin liquefied.
Serological examination revealed that the 0 antigens of
S. corvallis were closely
related to those of Salmonella kentucky (VIII, XX), but
in absorption tests S.
corvallis left a slight residue of agglutinins for S.
kentucky and Salmonella newport
(VI, VIII) in S. kentucky 0 serum.
When S. newport 0
serum was absorbed
by S. corvallis a strong titer for S. newport and a
weak titer for S. kentucky remained.
Although the organism lacks a small fraction of antigen
VIII, the 0
antigens of S. corvallis are well represented by the
symbols VIII, XX.
The H antigens of S. corvallis were monophasic and were
identical with those
of Salmonella cerro (Z4, Z23). The antigenic formula of
S. corvallis is VIII, XX:
Z4 Z23.
Salmonella colorado was isolated from a stool specimen
in the laboratories of
the Colorado State Department of Health and was
forwarded to this laboratory
by Miss Marjorie Van Vranken. The clinical condition of
the person from whose
stool it was isolated is not known.
The biochemical properties of S. colorado differed from
those given for S.
corvalli8 only in that dulcitol was fermented promptly
and inositol was not attacked.
Serologically it was a member of group C of the
Kauffmann-White
classification, and in absorption tests it removed all
agglutinins from Salmonella
thompson (VI, VII) 0 serum.
The H antigens of S. colorado were diphasic, and phase
1 was found to be
identical with phase 1 of Salmonella worthington (l,w).
Phase 2 was agglutinated
by serums derived from the nonspecific phases of the
genus. When tested with
serums for single factors, 2, 5, 6, and 7, it was
agglutinated only by serum for
factor 5. In absorption tests S. colorado reduced the
titer of serum for phase 2
of S. thompson from 20,000 to 200. Phase 2 of S.
colorado may be represented
111
by the symbols 1, 5, and its antigenic formula is
VI,VII:l,w-1,5. This is the
second Salmonella type in which antigens l,w were found
in combination with
a nonspecific phase; the first is Salmonella fayed of
Anderson, Anderson, and
Taylor (J. Path. Bact., 59, 533, 1947).
ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEF1 STRAIN OF
POLIOMYELITIS
VIRUS, ESPECIALLY WITH REFERENCE TO ATTEMPTS AT
CULTIVATION IN THE CHICK EMBRYO
ROBERT H. YAGER,' PETER K. OLITSKY, AND 0. LAHELLE'
The Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, New York, N. Y.
Received for publication April 5, 1949
Succesful cultivation in fertile hens' eggs has been
reported of Theiler's
virus, TO, FA, GDVII strains, but not of poliomyelitis
virus, Lansing, Y-SK,
Ph, and several other human strains (Riordan and Sa-Fleitas:
J. Immunol.,
56, 263, 1947; Dunham and Parker: J. Bact., 45, 80,
1943; and others). These
findings on TO, FA, and GDVII and on Lansing viruses
have been confirmed in
this laboratory.
In view of the fact that multiplication in chick
embryos is a distinct feature
separating so-called murine from poliomyelitis viruses
and since the MEF1
strain (Schlesinger, Morgan, and Olitsky: Science, 98,
452, 1943) has not as
yet been studied in this regard, the present report on
such studies including
certain other properties is presented.
Chick embryos, 7 to 11 days old, were inoculated with a
20 per cent MEF1
virus as a mouse brain
suspension, 0.03 ml intracerebrally, 0.25 ml into the
yolk sac, or 0.1 ml on the chorioallantoic membrane
(C.A.). The membranes
were then incubated for 7 to 11 days, the yolk sacs for
11 days, and the intracerebral
series, 7 days. The C.A. or embryo (or both) and brain
in 101 dilution
were subinoculated intracerebrally in mice. Blind
passage from the inoculated
embryos to 2 or more series of normal chick embryos was
made along with subinoculation
in mice. The result was that MEF1 virus was found to be
incapable
of multiplying in chick embryos even intracerebrally.
It is of interest that in
one instance in the C.A.-inoculated series the membrane
in 10-1 dilution induced
paralyses in the mice. Although the mouse brain virus
was identified by positive
neutralization with Lansing antiserum, it was proved by
passage that the
virus did not multiply in the membrane but that it only
persisted in the inoculum.
In addition, the MEF1 after a large number of mouse
passages exhibits a
higher LDro titer after intracerebral inoculation in
the Rockefeller Institute
strain of mice, viz., 3.0 to 4.2, than it does in the
Lansing strain, which after
many more mouse passages still shows the LDw titer not
to exceed 3 and at times
ILt. Colonel, V.C., U. S. Army.
' Fellow, Scientific Research Fund, Oslo, Norway.
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